reafactor: parabolspiegel
This commit is contained in:
Matthias Jung
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
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% DL9MJ, Matthias Jung, 2026
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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% Parameter
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\pgfmathsetmacro{\f}{1.4} % Brennweite des Mutter-Paraboloids
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\pgfmathsetmacro{\ap}{2.4} % halbe Apertur
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\pgfmathsetmacro{\ymin}{0.75} % unterer Rand des Offset-Ausschnitts
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\pgfmathsetmacro{\ymax}{2.55} % oberer Rand des Offset-Ausschnitts
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\pgfmathsetmacro{\xend}{5.2} % Ende der reflektierten Strahlen
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% Brennpunkt des Mutter-Paraboloids
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\coordinate (F) at (\f,0);
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% ------------------------------------------------------------
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% Mutter-Paraboloid nur angedeutet
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% ------------------------------------------------------------
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\draw[gray!45, dashed, thick]
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plot[
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variable=\t,
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domain=-2.6:2.6,
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samples=120,
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smooth
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]
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({\t*\t/(4*\f)},{\t});
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% Achse des Mutter-Paraboloids
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\draw[gray!45, dashed, thick] (-0.15,0) -- (\xend,0);
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% ------------------------------------------------------------
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% Offsetspiegel: nur ein seitlicher Ausschnitt
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% ------------------------------------------------------------
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\draw[ultra thick]
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plot[
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variable=\t,
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domain=\ymin:\ymax,
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samples=100,
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smooth
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]
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({\t*\t/(4*\f)},{\t});
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% Unterer Punkt des Offsetspiegels
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\coordinate (Mlow) at ({\ymin*\ymin/(4*\f)}, {\ymin});
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% ------------------------------------------------------------
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% Feed / Erregerantenne im Brennpunkt
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% ------------------------------------------------------------
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\draw({(-\ap)*(-\ap)/(4*\f)},{-\ap}) coordinate(end);
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% Feed / Antenne im Brennpunkt
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\node[bareantenna, scale=1.0, anchor=west] (ant) at (F) {};
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\draw(end) to [open] ++(2,0) node[trxshape, scale=1, anchor=west](trx){};
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% Anschlussleitung und TRX
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\draw (ant)
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-- ++(0,-1.2) coordinate(h)
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-| (trx.north);
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% ------------------------------------------------------------
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% Strahlen vom Feed zum Offsetspiegel und danach parallel
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% ------------------------------------------------------------
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\foreach \yy in {0.85,1.20,1.55,1.90,2.25,2.50} {
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\pgfmathsetmacro{\xx}{\yy*\yy/(4*\f)}
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% vom Brennpunkt zum Spiegel
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\draw[DARCred, thick]
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(F) -- (\xx,\yy);
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% reflektierter Strahl parallel zur Achse
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\draw[DARCred, thick]
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(\xx,\yy) -- (\xend,\yy);
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}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255.228pt" height="175.794pt" viewBox="0 0 255.228 175.794">
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<defs>
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<clipPath id="clip-0">
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<path clip-rule="nonzero" d="M 138 0.164062 L 254.457031 0.164062 L 254.457031 175.425781 L 138 175.425781 Z M 138 0.164062 "/>
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</clipPath>
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<clipPath id="clip-1">
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<path clip-rule="nonzero" d="M 0 0.164062 L 49 0.164062 L 49 58 L 0 58 Z M 0 0.164062 "/>
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</clipPath>
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<clipPath id="clip-2">
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<path clip-rule="nonzero" d="M 25 0.164062 L 254.457031 0.164062 L 254.457031 40 L 25 40 Z M 25 0.164062 "/>
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</clipPath>
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<clipPath id="clip-3">
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<path clip-rule="nonzero" d="M 138 63 L 254.457031 63 L 254.457031 139 L 138 139 Z M 138 63 "/>
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</clipPath>
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<clipPath id="clip-4">
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<path clip-rule="nonzero" d="M 0 35 L 161 35 L 161 175.425781 L 0 175.425781 Z M 0 35 "/>
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</clipPath>
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</defs>
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<g clip-path="url(#clip-0)">
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<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.79701" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M 150.790678 127.753952 L 255.261975 175.977501 L 255.117006 49.19674 L 150.64571 0.977109 Z M 150.790678 127.753952 " transform="matrix(0.996984, 0, 0, -0.996984, -0.4297, 176.001506)"/>
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</g>
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<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.79701" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M 65.255392 108.71999 L 65.059489 131.170505 L 101.470071 147.861463 " transform="matrix(0.996984, 0, 0, -0.996984, -0.4297, 176.001506)"/>
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<g clip-path="url(#clip-1)">
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<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.79701" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M 1.171514 129.92456 L 0.975611 152.378993 L 37.386193 169.069952 " transform="matrix(0.996984, 0, 0, -0.996984, -0.4297, 176.001506)"/>
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</g>
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<g clip-path="url(#clip-2)">
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<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.79701" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M 37.06883 168.752588 L 101.152708 147.790938 L 254.995546 175.903058 " transform="matrix(0.996984, 0, 0, -0.996984, -0.4297, 176.001506)"/>
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</g>
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<g clip-path="url(#clip-3)">
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<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.79701" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M 150.304838 101.910392 L 254.995546 49.19674 " transform="matrix(0.996984, 0, 0, -0.996984, -0.4297, 176.001506)"/>
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</g>
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<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.79701" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M 0.830643 152.230106 L 65.157441 131.291965 L 150.716235 128.071315 " transform="matrix(0.996984, 0, 0, -0.996984, -0.4297, 176.001506)"/>
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<g clip-path="url(#clip-4)">
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<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.79701" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M 1.073563 130.04602 L 65.157441 108.84145 L 150.473315 1.122077 " transform="matrix(0.996984, 0, 0, -0.996984, -0.4297, 176.001506)"/>
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</g>
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</svg>
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 3.1 KiB |
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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% Hornöffnung
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\draw[thick]
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(6.179,5.235) --
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(10.460,7.211) --
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(10.454,2.016) --
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(6.173,0.040) --
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cycle;
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% Hohlleiter / Übergang
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\draw[thick]
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(2.674,4.455) --
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(2.666,5.375) --
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(4.158,6.059);
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\draw[thick]
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(0.048,5.324) --
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(0.040,6.244) --
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(1.532,6.928);
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% obere Kanten
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\draw[thick]
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(1.519,6.915) --
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(4.145,6.056) --
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(10.449,7.208);
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% untere Hornkante
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\draw[thick]
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(6.159,4.176) --
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(10.449,2.016);
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% mittlere Hohlleiter- und Hornkante
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\draw[thick]
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(0.034,6.238) --
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(2.670,5.380) --
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(6.176,5.248);
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% untere Kante
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\draw[thick]
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(0.044,5.329) --
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(2.670,4.460) --
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(6.166,0.046);
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\end{tikzpicture}
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@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
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Im Punkt vor dem Parabolspiegel wo die Wellen gebündelt werden, wird die sogenannte *Erregerantenne* platziert. Da Parabolspiegel wie bereits erläutert vor allem für Mikrowellen eingesetzt werden, werden vor allem jene Antennen als Erregerantenne eingesetzt, die im Mikrowellenbereich geeignet sind. Neben Dipolen sind dies *Helixantennen*, die eine zirkulare Polarisation erzeugen, und auch *Hornstrahler*, die z. B. mit einem Hohlleiter gespeist werden können.
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<margin>
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[picture:850:a_parabol:Parabolspiegel mit Erregerantenne]
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[picture:1105:a_hornstrahler:Hornstrahler]
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% TODO: Bild Helixantenne
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% TODO: Bild Hornstrahler und/oder Hohlleiter
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</margin>
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<indepth>
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*Hohlleiter* sind Metallrohre, in denen Mikrowellen geleitet werden. Vereinfacht gesagt wird die Welle an den metallischen Außenwänden reflektiert und gelangt so z. B. in ein Horn, aus dem die Welle abgestrahlt wird bzw. von dem einfallende Wellen empfangen und in den Hohlleiter geleitet werden.
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@@ -9,9 +12,9 @@ Im Punkt vor dem Parabolspiegel wo die Wellen gebündelt werden, wird die sogena
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[question:AG225]
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Zur Beantwortung der folgenden Fragen kann die Formel für den Gewinn einer Parabolantenne aus der Formelsammlung herangezogen werden.
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Zur Beantwortung der folgenden Fragen kann die Formel für den Gewinn einer Parabolantenne aus der Formelsammlung herangezogen werden:
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% TODO: Formel aus Formelsammlung übernehmen.
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$ g_{\mathrm{i}} = 10 \cdot \log_{10} \left[\left(\frac{\pi\cdot d}{\lambda}\right)^2 \cdot \eta \right]~\unit{\dB} $
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[question:AG226]
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[question:AG227]
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