Superminaren/50ohm-contents-dl
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Actions Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

feature: polarmodulation

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
Matthias Jung
2026-07-23 13:53:45 +02:00
parent 3e568455d1
commit 02d8886237
7 changed files with 242 additions and 0 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files
contents/drawings/1117.svg
+163
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255.119pt" height="96.296pt" viewBox="0 0 255.119 96.296">
<defs>
<g>
<g id="glyph-0-0">
<path d="M 3.421875 0.140625 C 4.15625 0.140625 4.765625 -0.078125 5.375 -0.390625 L 5.375 -0.78125 C 5.375 -1.34375 5.390625 -1.890625 5.390625 -2.421875 L 5.9375 -2.46875 L 5.9375 -2.828125 L 3.59375 -2.828125 L 3.59375 -2.46875 L 4.53125 -2.390625 C 4.53125 -1.859375 4.546875 -1.3125 4.546875 -0.78125 L 4.546875 -0.5 C 4.234375 -0.375 3.953125 -0.328125 3.59375 -0.328125 C 2.234375 -0.328125 1.390625 -1.28125 1.390625 -2.984375 C 1.390625 -4.6875 2.3125 -5.65625 3.53125 -5.65625 C 3.90625 -5.65625 4.234375 -5.578125 4.546875 -5.390625 L 4.734375 -4.375 L 5.28125 -4.375 L 5.25 -5.6875 C 4.75 -5.96875 4.1875 -6.09375 3.453125 -6.09375 C 1.640625 -6.09375 0.421875 -4.78125 0.421875 -2.984375 C 0.421875 -1.1875 1.625 0.140625 3.421875 0.140625 Z M 3.421875 0.140625 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-0-1">
<path d="M 2.625 -5.5625 C 3.703125 -5.5625 4.171875 -5.046875 4.171875 -4.1875 C 4.171875 -3.34375 3.734375 -2.765625 2.65625 -2.765625 L 2.078125 -2.765625 L 2.078125 -3.203125 C 2.078125 -3.984375 2.078125 -4.78125 2.09375 -5.5625 Z M 0.390625 -5.609375 L 1.21875 -5.5 C 1.234375 -4.734375 1.234375 -3.96875 1.234375 -3.203125 L 1.234375 -2.765625 C 1.234375 -1.984375 1.234375 -1.21875 1.21875 -0.46875 L 0.390625 -0.359375 L 0.390625 0 L 2.921875 0 L 2.921875 -0.359375 L 2.09375 -0.46875 C 2.078125 -1.109375 2.078125 -1.703125 2.078125 -2.34375 L 2.53125 -2.34375 C 4.359375 -2.34375 5.046875 -3.1875 5.046875 -4.1875 C 5.046875 -5.234375 4.296875 -5.96875 2.78125 -5.96875 L 0.390625 -5.96875 Z M 0.390625 -5.609375 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-0-2">
<path d="M 0.265625 0 L 2.328125 0 L 2.328125 -0.328125 L 1.71875 -0.453125 C 1.703125 -0.890625 1.703125 -1.484375 1.703125 -1.875 L 1.703125 -3.125 C 2.15625 -3.53125 2.515625 -3.703125 2.953125 -3.703125 C 3.484375 -3.703125 3.6875 -3.453125 3.6875 -2.625 L 3.6875 -1.875 C 3.6875 -1.453125 3.671875 -0.875 3.671875 -0.4375 L 3.015625 -0.328125 L 3.015625 0 L 5.078125 0 L 5.078125 -0.328125 L 4.46875 -0.453125 C 4.453125 -0.890625 4.4375 -1.453125 4.4375 -1.875 L 4.4375 -2.703125 C 4.4375 -3.859375 4.0625 -4.34375 3.296875 -4.34375 C 2.734375 -4.34375 2.109375 -4.015625 1.671875 -3.53125 L 1.671875 -5.25 L 1.703125 -6.515625 L 1.578125 -6.59375 L 0.21875 -6.1875 L 0.21875 -5.875 L 0.953125 -5.78125 L 0.953125 -1.875 C 0.953125 -1.484375 0.9375 -0.890625 0.9375 -0.453125 L 0.265625 -0.328125 Z M 0.265625 0 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-0-3">
<path d="M 3.703125 0.09375 C 4.015625 0.09375 4.265625 -0.03125 4.484375 -0.375 L 4.296875 -0.5625 C 4.203125 -0.453125 4.109375 -0.375 3.953125 -0.375 C 3.765625 -0.375 3.640625 -0.515625 3.640625 -0.90625 L 3.640625 -2.796875 C 3.640625 -3.921875 3.1875 -4.34375 2.25 -4.34375 C 1.34375 -4.34375 0.6875 -3.921875 0.515625 -3.234375 C 0.546875 -3.015625 0.6875 -2.875 0.9375 -2.875 C 1.171875 -2.875 1.3125 -3.03125 1.390625 -3.296875 L 1.5625 -3.890625 C 1.75 -3.921875 1.921875 -3.9375 2.046875 -3.9375 C 2.640625 -3.9375 2.890625 -3.71875 2.890625 -2.859375 L 2.890625 -2.609375 C 2.546875 -2.515625 2.21875 -2.40625 1.875 -2.3125 C 0.640625 -1.953125 0.40625 -1.5 0.40625 -1 C 0.40625 -0.265625 0.9375 0.109375 1.59375 0.109375 C 2.125 0.109375 2.40625 -0.109375 2.90625 -0.59375 C 2.96875 -0.171875 3.28125 0.09375 3.703125 0.09375 Z M 1.1875 -1.125 C 1.1875 -1.390625 1.265625 -1.75 2.078125 -2.015625 C 2.34375 -2.109375 2.609375 -2.1875 2.890625 -2.28125 L 2.890625 -0.9375 C 2.34375 -0.546875 2.171875 -0.46875 1.90625 -0.46875 C 1.5 -0.46875 1.1875 -0.65625 1.1875 -1.125 Z M 1.1875 -1.125 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-0-4">
<path d="M 1.78125 0.109375 C 2.9375 0.109375 3.515625 -0.484375 3.515625 -1.15625 C 3.515625 -1.71875 3.171875 -2.140625 2.28125 -2.46875 L 2.015625 -2.5625 C 1.40625 -2.78125 1.1875 -2.9375 1.1875 -3.328125 C 1.1875 -3.703125 1.484375 -3.9375 2.015625 -3.9375 C 2.234375 -3.9375 2.4375 -3.890625 2.640625 -3.78125 L 2.78125 -3.078125 L 3.234375 -3.078125 L 3.28125 -3.984375 C 2.890625 -4.21875 2.515625 -4.34375 2.03125 -4.34375 C 1.03125 -4.34375 0.484375 -3.734375 0.484375 -3.09375 C 0.484375 -2.484375 0.90625 -2.125 1.5625 -1.890625 L 1.96875 -1.734375 C 2.53125 -1.546875 2.796875 -1.34375 2.796875 -0.96875 C 2.796875 -0.5625 2.46875 -0.28125 1.796875 -0.28125 C 1.53125 -0.28125 1.296875 -0.328125 1.078125 -0.4375 L 0.90625 -1.203125 L 0.421875 -1.203125 L 0.453125 -0.21875 C 0.890625 0 1.28125 0.109375 1.78125 0.109375 Z M 1.78125 0.109375 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-0-5">
<path d="M 2.4375 -3.9375 C 3.015625 -3.9375 3.359375 -3.59375 3.359375 -2.96875 C 3.359375 -2.71875 3.265625 -2.515625 2.78125 -2.515625 L 1.203125 -2.515625 C 1.3125 -3.546875 1.890625 -3.9375 2.4375 -3.9375 Z M 2.46875 0.109375 C 3.375 0.109375 3.8125 -0.28125 4.171875 -0.890625 L 3.984375 -1.046875 C 3.640625 -0.625 3.21875 -0.46875 2.671875 -0.46875 C 1.75 -0.46875 1.203125 -1.046875 1.1875 -2.140625 L 4.046875 -2.140625 C 4.078125 -2.25 4.109375 -2.4375 4.109375 -2.640625 C 4.109375 -3.71875 3.375 -4.34375 2.4375 -4.34375 C 1.328125 -4.34375 0.40625 -3.4375 0.40625 -2.0625 C 0.40625 -0.6875 1.21875 0.109375 2.46875 0.109375 Z M 2.46875 0.109375 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-0-6">
<path d="M 0.359375 0 L 2.421875 0 L 2.421875 -0.328125 L 1.8125 -0.453125 C 1.796875 -0.890625 1.796875 -1.484375 1.796875 -1.875 L 1.796875 -3.171875 C 2.25 -3.546875 2.59375 -3.703125 3 -3.703125 C 3.53125 -3.703125 3.734375 -3.453125 3.734375 -2.625 L 3.734375 -1.875 C 3.734375 -1.453125 3.734375 -0.875 3.71875 -0.453125 L 3.0625 -0.328125 L 3.0625 0 L 5.125 0 L 5.125 -0.328125 L 4.5 -0.453125 C 4.5 -0.890625 4.484375 -1.453125 4.484375 -1.875 L 4.484375 -2.703125 C 4.484375 -3.859375 4.109375 -4.34375 3.34375 -4.34375 C 2.796875 -4.34375 2.1875 -4.015625 1.75 -3.546875 L 1.6875 -4.25 L 1.546875 -4.34375 L 0.296875 -3.796875 L 0.296875 -3.484375 L 1 -3.40625 C 1.03125 -3.0625 1.03125 -2.78125 1.03125 -2.296875 L 1.03125 -1.875 C 1.03125 -1.46875 1.03125 -0.890625 1.015625 -0.453125 L 0.359375 -0.328125 Z M 0.359375 0 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-0-7">
<path d="M 0.359375 0 L 2.421875 0 L 2.421875 -0.328125 L 1.8125 -0.453125 C 1.796875 -0.890625 1.796875 -1.484375 1.796875 -1.875 L 1.796875 -3.171875 C 2.234375 -3.546875 2.5625 -3.703125 2.96875 -3.703125 C 3.5 -3.703125 3.703125 -3.4375 3.703125 -2.625 L 3.703125 -1.875 C 3.703125 -1.453125 3.703125 -0.875 3.6875 -0.453125 L 3.03125 -0.328125 L 3.03125 0 L 5.09375 0 L 5.09375 -0.328125 L 4.46875 -0.453125 C 4.46875 -0.890625 4.453125 -1.453125 4.453125 -1.875 L 4.453125 -2.703125 C 4.453125 -2.859375 4.4375 -3.015625 4.4375 -3.140625 C 4.890625 -3.546875 5.25 -3.703125 5.625 -3.703125 C 6.140625 -3.703125 6.375 -3.46875 6.375 -2.640625 L 6.375 -1.875 C 6.375 -1.453125 6.375 -0.875 6.359375 -0.453125 L 5.703125 -0.328125 L 5.703125 0 L 7.765625 0 L 7.765625 -0.328125 L 7.140625 -0.453125 C 7.140625 -0.890625 7.125 -1.453125 7.125 -1.875 L 7.125 -2.78125 C 7.125 -3.890625 6.703125 -4.34375 5.984375 -4.34375 C 5.40625 -4.34375 4.828125 -4.0625 4.375 -3.515625 C 4.21875 -4.09375 3.875 -4.34375 3.3125 -4.34375 C 2.765625 -4.34375 2.171875 -4.015625 1.75 -3.53125 L 1.6875 -4.25 L 1.546875 -4.34375 L 0.296875 -3.796875 L 0.296875 -3.484375 L 1 -3.40625 C 1.03125 -3.0625 1.03125 -2.78125 1.03125 -2.296875 L 1.03125 -1.875 C 1.03125 -1.46875 1.03125 -0.890625 1.015625 -0.453125 L 0.359375 -0.328125 Z M 0.359375 0 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-0-8">
<path d="M 2.4375 0.109375 C 3.46875 0.109375 4.484375 -0.625 4.484375 -2.09375 C 4.484375 -3.578125 3.46875 -4.34375 2.4375 -4.34375 C 1.40625 -4.34375 0.40625 -3.578125 0.40625 -2.09375 C 0.40625 -0.625 1.390625 0.109375 2.4375 0.109375 Z M 2.4375 -0.28125 C 1.671875 -0.28125 1.25 -0.90625 1.25 -2.09375 C 1.25 -3.296875 1.671875 -3.9375 2.4375 -3.9375 C 3.203125 -3.9375 3.640625 -3.296875 3.640625 -2.09375 C 3.640625 -0.90625 3.203125 -0.28125 2.4375 -0.28125 Z M 2.4375 -0.28125 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-0-9">
<path d="M 1.203125 -2.09375 C 1.203125 -3.296875 1.765625 -3.84375 2.4375 -3.84375 C 2.71875 -3.84375 3.03125 -3.734375 3.4375 -3.375 L 3.4375 -0.90625 C 3.109375 -0.53125 2.828125 -0.390625 2.4375 -0.390625 C 1.734375 -0.390625 1.203125 -0.921875 1.203125 -2.09375 Z M 3.53125 0.09375 L 4.90625 0 L 4.90625 -0.328125 L 4.1875 -0.421875 L 4.1875 -5.25 L 4.21875 -6.515625 L 4.09375 -6.59375 L 2.703125 -6.1875 L 2.703125 -5.875 L 3.46875 -5.78125 L 3.46875 -3.765625 C 3.09375 -4.203125 2.71875 -4.34375 2.296875 -4.34375 C 1.21875 -4.34375 0.40625 -3.4375 0.40625 -2.078125 C 0.40625 -0.78125 1.125 0.109375 2.21875 0.109375 C 2.765625 0.109375 3.15625 -0.109375 3.46875 -0.53125 Z M 3.53125 0.09375 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-0-10">
<path d="M 1.984375 0.109375 C 2.53125 0.109375 3.09375 -0.140625 3.5625 -0.71875 L 3.65625 0.078125 L 4.890625 0 L 4.890625 -0.328125 L 4.28125 -0.453125 L 4.28125 -3.046875 L 4.3125 -4.1875 L 4.21875 -4.28125 L 2.9375 -4.15625 L 2.9375 -3.84375 L 3.5625 -3.71875 L 3.53125 -1.09375 C 3.125 -0.71875 2.703125 -0.515625 2.28125 -0.515625 C 1.8125 -0.515625 1.578125 -0.796875 1.578125 -1.5625 L 1.578125 -3.046875 L 1.625 -4.1875 L 1.53125 -4.28125 L 0.21875 -4.15625 L 0.21875 -3.84375 L 0.859375 -3.703125 L 0.828125 -1.484375 C 0.8125 -0.3125 1.265625 0.109375 1.984375 0.109375 Z M 1.984375 0.109375 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-0-11">
<path d="M 0.21875 0 L 2.4375 0 L 2.4375 -0.328125 L 1.71875 -0.453125 C 1.703125 -0.921875 1.703125 -1.390625 1.703125 -1.875 L 1.703125 -5.25 L 1.734375 -6.515625 L 1.609375 -6.59375 L 0.21875 -6.1875 L 0.21875 -5.875 L 0.953125 -5.78125 L 0.953125 -1.875 C 0.953125 -1.390625 0.9375 -0.921875 0.9375 -0.453125 L 0.21875 -0.328125 Z M 0.21875 0 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-0-12">
<path d="M 1.828125 0.109375 C 2.28125 0.109375 2.640625 -0.046875 2.875 -0.359375 L 2.65625 -0.59375 C 2.4375 -0.421875 2.265625 -0.34375 2.0625 -0.34375 C 1.765625 -0.34375 1.578125 -0.546875 1.578125 -1 L 1.578125 -3.765625 L 2.78125 -3.765625 L 2.78125 -4.234375 L 1.578125 -4.234375 L 1.640625 -5.4375 L 1.109375 -5.4375 L 0.875 -4.25 L 0.078125 -4.15625 L 0.078125 -3.765625 L 0.8125 -3.765625 L 0.8125 -1.65625 C 0.8125 -1.3125 0.8125 -1.125 0.8125 -0.90625 C 0.8125 -0.203125 1.203125 0.109375 1.828125 0.109375 Z M 1.828125 0.109375 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-0-13">
<path d="M 0.375 0 L 2.53125 0 L 2.53125 -0.328125 L 1.8125 -0.453125 C 1.796875 -0.90625 1.796875 -1.484375 1.796875 -1.875 L 1.796875 -2.53125 C 1.9375 -3.046875 2.171875 -3.421875 2.53125 -3.6875 L 2.640625 -3.59375 C 2.8125 -3.453125 2.96875 -3.359375 3.171875 -3.359375 C 3.53125 -3.359375 3.703125 -3.59375 3.703125 -4.015625 C 3.59375 -4.21875 3.328125 -4.34375 3.0625 -4.34375 C 2.578125 -4.34375 2.078125 -3.921875 1.78125 -3.203125 L 1.6875 -4.25 L 1.546875 -4.34375 L 0.296875 -3.796875 L 0.296875 -3.484375 L 1 -3.40625 C 1.03125 -3.0625 1.03125 -2.78125 1.03125 -2.296875 L 1.03125 -1.875 C 1.03125 -1.46875 1.03125 -0.875 1.015625 -0.4375 L 0.375 -0.328125 Z M 0.375 0 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-1-0">
<path d="M 1.84375 1.84375 C 1.796875 1.984375 1.78125 2 1.78125 2.0625 C 1.78125 2.296875 2 2.359375 2.09375 2.359375 C 2.15625 2.359375 2.390625 2.328125 2.5 2.078125 C 2.53125 2 2.59375 1.640625 2.875 0.09375 C 2.984375 0.109375 3.046875 0.125 3.234375 0.125 C 5.03125 0.125 6.703125 -1.578125 6.703125 -3.296875 C 6.703125 -4.140625 6.28125 -4.78125 5.46875 -4.78125 C 3.890625 -4.78125 3.25 -2.6875 2.59375 -0.578125 C 1.421875 -0.796875 0.828125 -1.390625 0.828125 -2.171875 C 0.828125 -2.484375 1.078125 -3.671875 1.71875 -4.421875 C 1.8125 -4.515625 1.8125 -4.53125 1.8125 -4.5625 C 1.8125 -4.609375 1.78125 -4.671875 1.671875 -4.671875 C 1.375 -4.671875 0.546875 -3.09375 0.546875 -2.0625 C 0.546875 -1.046875 1.25 -0.25 2.421875 0.015625 Z M 3.328125 -0.515625 C 3.25 -0.515625 3.234375 -0.515625 3.140625 -0.515625 C 3.015625 -0.515625 3 -0.53125 3 -0.5625 C 3 -0.578125 3.1875 -1.5625 3.21875 -1.734375 C 3.546875 -3.125 4.390625 -4.15625 5.359375 -4.15625 C 6.109375 -4.15625 6.40625 -3.578125 6.40625 -3.046875 C 6.40625 -1.828125 5 -0.515625 3.328125 -0.515625 Z M 3.328125 -0.515625 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-2-0">
<path d="M 2.4375 0.078125 C 2.515625 0.09375 2.578125 0.09375 2.75 0.09375 C 4.25 0.09375 5.640625 -1.28125 5.640625 -2.6875 C 5.640625 -3.421875 5.265625 -3.9375 4.59375 -3.9375 C 3.21875 -3.9375 2.625 -1.921875 2.203125 -0.5 C 1.265625 -0.671875 0.71875 -1.140625 0.71875 -1.796875 C 0.71875 -2.046875 0.921875 -3.015625 1.453125 -3.609375 C 1.53125 -3.703125 1.53125 -3.71875 1.53125 -3.734375 C 1.53125 -3.75 1.53125 -3.84375 1.421875 -3.84375 C 1.125 -3.84375 0.453125 -2.53125 0.453125 -1.703125 C 0.453125 -0.734375 1.234375 -0.15625 2.03125 0.015625 C 1.859375 0.5625 1.515625 1.609375 1.515625 1.6875 C 1.515625 1.84375 1.65625 1.9375 1.796875 1.9375 C 1.8125 1.9375 2.09375 1.9375 2.171875 1.609375 C 2.265625 1.1875 2.359375 0.5625 2.4375 0.078125 Z M 2.546875 -0.46875 C 2.578125 -0.59375 2.625 -0.890625 2.640625 -1.015625 C 2.71875 -1.421875 2.84375 -2.09375 3.296875 -2.6875 C 3.609375 -3.078125 4 -3.390625 4.5 -3.390625 C 5 -3.390625 5.375 -3.046875 5.375 -2.5 C 5.375 -1.5 4.21875 -0.453125 2.828125 -0.453125 C 2.734375 -0.453125 2.640625 -0.453125 2.546875 -0.46875 Z M 2.546875 -0.46875 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-3-0">
<path d="M 1.578125 -0.703125 L 2.328125 -2 C 2.390625 -2.109375 2.453125 -2.140625 2.65625 -2.140625 L 4.4375 -2.140625 L 4.671875 -0.640625 C 4.671875 -0.609375 4.671875 -0.59375 4.671875 -0.5625 C 4.671875 -0.359375 4.53125 -0.28125 4.234375 -0.265625 L 3.984375 -0.234375 C 3.953125 -0.234375 3.921875 -0.21875 3.921875 -0.171875 L 3.90625 0 L 3.90625 0.015625 C 4.234375 0.015625 4.71875 0 5.046875 0 C 5.390625 0 5.734375 0.015625 6.046875 0.015625 L 6.0625 0 L 6.078125 -0.171875 C 6.09375 -0.21875 6.0625 -0.234375 6.015625 -0.234375 L 5.921875 -0.25 C 5.578125 -0.28125 5.4375 -0.421875 5.390625 -0.765625 L 4.5625 -5.59375 C 4.546875 -5.765625 4.515625 -5.859375 4.390625 -5.859375 C 4.265625 -5.859375 4.1875 -5.78125 4.046875 -5.546875 L 1.234375 -0.90625 C 0.90625 -0.359375 0.65625 -0.265625 0.28125 -0.234375 C 0.234375 -0.234375 0.21875 -0.21875 0.203125 -0.171875 L 0.171875 0 L 0.1875 0.015625 C 0.5 0.015625 0.65625 0 0.984375 0 C 1.328125 0 1.78125 0.015625 2.09375 0.015625 L 2.125 0 L 2.140625 -0.171875 C 2.140625 -0.21875 2.125 -0.234375 2.078125 -0.234375 L 1.84375 -0.265625 C 1.625 -0.28125 1.515625 -0.359375 1.515625 -0.5 C 1.515625 -0.5625 1.546875 -0.625 1.578125 -0.703125 Z M 2.890625 -2.515625 C 2.75 -2.515625 2.6875 -2.53125 2.6875 -2.578125 C 2.6875 -2.59375 2.6875 -2.625 2.703125 -2.640625 L 3.984375 -4.90625 L 4.015625 -4.90625 L 4.375 -2.515625 Z M 2.890625 -2.515625 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-3-1">
<path d="M 1.90625 -5.0625 L 1.046875 -0.671875 C 0.984375 -0.421875 0.859375 -0.296875 0.484375 -0.265625 L 0.21875 -0.234375 C 0.171875 -0.203125 0.15625 -0.0625 0.203125 0.015625 C 0.59375 0.015625 0.921875 0 1.265625 0 C 1.609375 0 2 0.015625 2.390625 0.015625 C 2.421875 -0.015625 2.453125 -0.203125 2.421875 -0.234375 L 2.125 -0.265625 C 1.765625 -0.296875 1.671875 -0.40625 1.734375 -0.671875 L 2.59375 -5.0625 C 2.640625 -5.3125 2.78125 -5.4375 3.140625 -5.484375 L 3.421875 -5.5 C 3.453125 -5.546875 3.46875 -5.6875 3.4375 -5.765625 C 3.03125 -5.75 2.71875 -5.75 2.375 -5.75 C 2.03125 -5.75 1.625 -5.75 1.234375 -5.765625 C 1.21875 -5.734375 1.1875 -5.546875 1.21875 -5.5 L 1.515625 -5.484375 C 1.859375 -5.453125 1.953125 -5.328125 1.90625 -5.0625 Z M 1.90625 -5.0625 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-3-2">
<path d="M 0.390625 -2.4375 C 0.390625 -0.484375 1.3125 0.921875 2.75 1.65625 L 2.890625 1.40625 C 1.59375 0.546875 1.109375 -0.65625 1.109375 -2.4375 C 1.109375 -4.21875 1.59375 -5.40625 2.890625 -6.265625 L 2.75 -6.5 C 1.3125 -5.765625 0.390625 -4.375 0.390625 -2.4375 Z M 0.390625 -2.4375 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-3-3">
<path d="M 0.9375 -3.828125 L 0.46875 -3.796875 C 0.296875 -3.78125 0.234375 -3.71875 0.21875 -3.640625 C 0.203125 -3.609375 0.171875 -3.515625 0.171875 -3.484375 C 0.171875 -3.46875 0.203125 -3.46875 0.234375 -3.46875 L 0.859375 -3.46875 L 0.3125 -1.046875 C 0.25 -0.765625 0.1875 -0.484375 0.1875 -0.328125 C 0.1875 0 0.34375 0.09375 0.625 0.09375 C 1.03125 0.09375 1.609375 -0.28125 1.921875 -0.828125 C 1.890625 -0.9375 1.828125 -1 1.71875 -1 C 1.3125 -0.53125 1.15625 -0.453125 1 -0.453125 C 0.984375 -0.453125 0.890625 -0.46875 0.890625 -0.5625 C 0.890625 -0.65625 0.921875 -0.828125 0.984375 -1.125 L 1.515625 -3.46875 L 2.390625 -3.46875 C 2.5 -3.515625 2.578125 -3.75 2.46875 -3.828125 L 1.59375 -3.828125 L 1.6875 -4.21875 C 1.71875 -4.390625 1.796875 -4.65625 1.796875 -4.75 C 1.796875 -4.90625 1.734375 -5 1.4375 -5 C 1.125 -5 1.140625 -4.59375 1.046875 -4.265625 Z M 0.9375 -3.828125 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-3-4">
<path d="M 2.78125 -2.4375 C 2.78125 -4.375 1.859375 -5.765625 0.421875 -6.5 L 0.28125 -6.265625 C 1.578125 -5.40625 2.0625 -4.21875 2.0625 -2.4375 C 2.0625 -0.65625 1.578125 0.546875 0.28125 1.40625 L 0.421875 1.65625 C 1.859375 0.921875 2.78125 -0.484375 2.78125 -2.4375 Z M 2.78125 -2.4375 "/>
</g>
<g id="glyph-3-5">
<path d="M 0.53125 1.140625 C 0.453125 1.21875 0.390625 1.28125 0.328125 1.359375 L 0.625 1.546875 C 0.75 1.390625 0.890625 1.25 1.03125 1.125 C 1.171875 1.046875 1.28125 1.015625 1.359375 1.015625 C 2.140625 1.015625 2.515625 1.859375 3.640625 1.859375 C 4.171875 1.859375 4.578125 1.625 5 1.125 L 4.875 1.03125 C 4.65625 1.265625 4.3125 1.359375 4.0625 1.359375 C 3.328125 1.359375 2.765625 0.625 1.828125 0.625 C 1.765625 0.625 1.71875 0.625 1.65625 0.625 C 2.171875 0.296875 2.65625 0.109375 2.953125 0.03125 C 4.296875 -0.234375 5.328125 -1.375 5.625 -2.9375 C 5.671875 -3.15625 5.6875 -3.390625 5.6875 -3.59375 C 5.6875 -4.984375 4.75 -5.859375 3.453125 -5.859375 C 1.9375 -5.859375 0.59375 -4.5 0.25 -2.765625 C 0.203125 -2.515625 0.171875 -2.296875 0.171875 -2.078125 C 0.171875 -0.84375 0.921875 -0.0625 2.015625 0.078125 C 1.453125 0.34375 0.90625 0.765625 0.53125 1.140625 Z M 3.28125 -5.5625 C 4.25 -5.5625 4.90625 -4.921875 4.90625 -3.65625 C 4.90625 -3.390625 4.875 -3.09375 4.8125 -2.765625 C 4.5 -1.171875 3.5625 -0.21875 2.578125 -0.21875 C 1.71875 -0.21875 0.984375 -0.921875 0.984375 -2.171875 C 0.984375 -2.40625 1.015625 -2.640625 1.0625 -2.90625 C 1.421875 -4.78125 2.515625 -5.5625 3.28125 -5.5625 Z M 3.28125 -5.5625 "/>
</g>
</g>
<clipPath id="clip-0">
<path clip-rule="nonzero" d="M 198 26 L 253.757812 26 L 253.757812 27 L 198 27 Z M 198 26 "/>
</clipPath>
<clipPath id="clip-1">
<path clip-rule="nonzero" d="M 249 24 L 253.757812 24 L 253.757812 29 L 249 29 Z M 249 24 "/>
</clipPath>
<clipPath id="clip-2">
<path clip-rule="nonzero" d="M 34 67 L 64 67 L 64 95.597656 L 34 95.597656 Z M 34 67 "/>
</clipPath>
</defs>
<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.797" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M -13.891269 13.891156 L 13.888474 13.891156 L 13.888474 -13.888586 L -13.891269 -13.888586 Z M -13.891269 13.891156 " transform="matrix(0.992742, 0, 0, -0.992742, 48.91545, 26.622369)"/>
<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.3985" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M 1.737787 6.24976 C 2.300465 7.139026 2.843468 7.98501 3.473037 7.98501 C 4.102607 7.98501 4.641675 7.139026 5.208288 6.24976 C 5.7749 5.360493 6.317903 4.51451 6.943538 4.51451 C 7.573107 4.51451 8.116111 5.360493 8.682723 6.24976 " transform="matrix(0.992742, 0, 0, -0.992742, 48.91545, 26.622369)"/>
<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.3985" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M 1.737787 2.779259 C 2.300465 3.668526 2.843468 4.51451 3.473037 4.51451 C 4.102607 4.51451 4.641675 3.668526 5.208288 2.779259 C 5.7749 1.889993 6.317903 1.040074 6.943538 1.040074 C 7.573107 1.040074 8.116111 1.889993 8.682723 2.779259 " transform="matrix(0.992742, 0, 0, -0.992742, 48.91545, 26.622369)"/>
<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.3985" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M 1.737787 -0.695176 C 2.300465 0.194091 2.843468 1.040074 3.473037 1.040074 C 4.102607 1.040074 4.641675 0.194091 5.208288 -0.695176 C 5.7749 -1.584443 6.317903 -2.430426 6.943538 -2.430426 C 7.573107 -2.430426 8.116111 -1.584443 8.682723 -0.695176 " transform="matrix(0.992742, 0, 0, -0.992742, 48.91545, 26.622369)"/>
<g fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1">
<use xlink:href="#glyph-0-0" x="39.675005" y="26.156773"/>
</g>
<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.3985" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M -9.724308 -4.862137 L 9.721512 -4.862137 " transform="matrix(0.992742, 0, 0, -0.992742, 48.91545, 26.622369)"/>
<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.3985" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M -9.724308 -9.721625 L 9.721512 -9.721625 L 9.721512 -6.943651 L -9.724308 -6.943651 Z M -9.724308 -9.721625 " transform="matrix(0.992742, 0, 0, -0.992742, 48.91545, 26.622369)"/>
<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.3985" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M -9.724308 -11.807073 L 9.721512 -11.807073 " transform="matrix(0.992742, 0, 0, -0.992742, 48.91545, 26.622369)"/>
<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.3985" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M 13.888474 0.00128498 L 54.822279 0.00128498 M 82.602022 0.00128498 L 123.535827 0.00128498 " transform="matrix(0.992742, 0, 0, -0.992742, 48.91545, 26.622369)"/>
<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.797" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M 54.822279 13.891156 L 82.602022 13.891156 L 82.602022 -13.888586 L 54.822279 -13.888586 Z M 54.822279 13.891156 " transform="matrix(0.992742, 0, 0, -0.992742, 48.91545, 26.622369)"/>
<path fill-rule="nonzero" fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1" d="M 99.15625 26.621094 L 99.15625 28.59375 L 103.339844 26.621094 L 99.15625 24.652344 Z M 99.15625 26.621094 "/>
<g fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1">
<use xlink:href="#glyph-1-0" x="113.587645" y="27.901021"/>
</g>
<path fill-rule="nonzero" fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1" d="M 167.371094 26.621094 L 167.371094 28.59375 L 171.554688 26.621094 L 167.371094 24.652344 Z M 167.371094 26.621094 "/>
<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.797" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M 123.535827 13.891156 L 151.31557 13.891156 L 151.31557 -13.888586 L 123.535827 -13.888586 Z M 123.535827 13.891156 " transform="matrix(0.992742, 0, 0, -0.992742, 48.91545, 26.622369)"/>
<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.3985" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M 127.702789 10.696093 L 147.148609 0.00128498 L 127.702789 -10.693523 Z M 127.702789 10.696093 " transform="matrix(0.992742, 0, 0, -0.992742, 48.91545, 26.622369)"/>
<g clip-path="url(#clip-0)">
<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.3985" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M 151.31557 0.00128498 L 178.729376 0.00128498 M 178.729376 0.00128498 L 206.139247 0.00128498 " transform="matrix(0.992742, 0, 0, -0.992742, 48.91545, 26.622369)"/>
</g>
<g clip-path="url(#clip-1)">
<path fill-rule="nonzero" fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1" d="M 249.375 26.621094 L 249.375 28.59375 L 253.558594 26.621094 L 249.375 24.652344 Z M 249.375 26.621094 "/>
</g>
<g fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1">
<use xlink:href="#glyph-0-1" x="81.822871" y="9.553159"/>
<use xlink:href="#glyph-0-2" x="87.065739" y="9.553159"/>
<use xlink:href="#glyph-0-3" x="92.415423" y="9.553159"/>
<use xlink:href="#glyph-0-4" x="96.946187" y="9.553159"/>
<use xlink:href="#glyph-0-5" x="100.809353" y="9.553159"/>
<use xlink:href="#glyph-0-6" x="105.349019" y="9.553159"/>
<use xlink:href="#glyph-0-7" x="110.743209" y="9.553159"/>
<use xlink:href="#glyph-0-8" x="118.763284" y="9.553159"/>
<use xlink:href="#glyph-0-9" x="123.6501" y="9.553159"/>
</g>
<g fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1">
<use xlink:href="#glyph-0-10" x="128.608127" y="9.553159"/>
<use xlink:href="#glyph-0-11" x="133.797587" y="9.553159"/>
</g>
<g fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1">
<use xlink:href="#glyph-0-3" x="136.361163" y="9.553159"/>
<use xlink:href="#glyph-0-12" x="140.891927" y="9.553159"/>
<use xlink:href="#glyph-0-8" x="143.784851" y="9.553159"/>
<use xlink:href="#glyph-0-13" x="148.671667" y="9.553159"/>
</g>
<g clip-path="url(#clip-2)">
<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.797" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M -13.891269 -41.302392 L 13.888474 -41.302392 L 13.888474 -69.082135 L -13.891269 -69.082135 Z M -13.891269 -41.302392 " transform="matrix(0.992742, 0, 0, -0.992742, 48.91545, 26.622369)"/>
</g>
<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.3985" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M 13.888474 -48.247328 L 68.71215 -48.247328 L 68.71215 -13.888586 " transform="matrix(0.992742, 0, 0, -0.992742, 48.91545, 26.622369)"/>
<path fill-rule="nonzero" fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1" d="M 117.128906 44.597656 L 119.101562 44.597656 L 117.128906 40.410156 L 115.160156 44.597656 Z M 117.128906 44.597656 "/>
<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.3985" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M 13.888474 -62.137199 L 137.425699 -62.137199 L 137.425699 -13.888586 " transform="matrix(0.992742, 0, 0, -0.992742, 48.91545, 26.622369)"/>
<path fill-rule="nonzero" fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1" d="M 185.34375 44.597656 L 187.316406 44.597656 L 185.34375 40.410156 L 183.375 44.597656 Z M 185.34375 44.597656 "/>
<g fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1">
<use xlink:href="#glyph-2-0" x="53.566448" y="75.569527"/>
</g>
<g fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1">
<use xlink:href="#glyph-3-0" x="53.282524" y="91.227058"/>
</g>
<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.3985" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M -13.891269 -48.247328 L -27.596205 -48.247328 " transform="matrix(0.992742, 0, 0, -0.992742, 48.91545, 26.622369)"/>
<g fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1">
<use xlink:href="#glyph-3-1" x="5.689466" y="76.939511"/>
</g>
<g fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1">
<use xlink:href="#glyph-3-2" x="9.321199" y="76.939511"/>
<use xlink:href="#glyph-3-3" x="12.490063" y="76.939511"/>
</g>
<g fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1">
<use xlink:href="#glyph-3-4" x="15.187158" y="76.939511"/>
</g>
<path fill="none" stroke-width="0.3985" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter" stroke="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M -13.891269 -62.137199 L -27.596205 -62.137199 " transform="matrix(0.992742, 0, 0, -0.992742, 48.91545, 26.622369)"/>
<g fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1">
<use xlink:href="#glyph-3-5" x="3.454804" y="90.625456"/>
</g>
<g fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1">
<use xlink:href="#glyph-3-2" x="9.320763" y="90.625456"/>
<use xlink:href="#glyph-3-3" x="12.489628" y="90.625456"/>
</g>
<g fill="rgb(0%, 0%, 0%)" fill-opacity="1">
<use xlink:href="#glyph-3-4" x="15.186723" y="90.625456"/>
</g>
</svg>
Side by Side

After

Width:  |  Height:  |  Size: 27 KiB

contents/drawings/1117.tex
+16
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
% 2026, Prof. Dr. Matthias Jung (DL9MJ)
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw(0,0) node[qgeneratorshape, t={G}](gen){};
\draw(gen.east) to [phaseshifter,> ,name={phase}] ++(2,0)
node [inputarrow](){}
node [ampshape, boxed, anchor=west](amp){};
\draw(amp.east) to [short] ++(1,0) node[inputarrow](){};
\draw(phase.north) node[above](){Phasenmodulator};
\draw(gen.south) ++(0,-0.5) node[twoportshape, anchor=north](fp){};
\draw(fp.right up) -| (phase.south) node[inputarrow, rotate={90}](){};
\draw(fp.right down) -| (amp.south) node[inputarrow, rotate={90}](){};
\draw(fp.right up) node[left](){$\varphi$};
\draw(fp.right down) node[left](){$A$};
\draw(fp.left up) -- ++(-0.25,0) node[left](){$I(t)$};
\draw(fp.left down) -- ++(-0.25,0) node[left](){$Q(t)$};
\end{tikzpicture}
contents/sections/polarmodulation.md
+19
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
Ein bereits seit Jahrzehnten bekanntes Verfahren findet seit einiger Zeit verstärkt Anwendung im Amateurfunk: die *Polarmodulation*. Abbildung [ref:polar_modulator] zeigt das Blochschaltbild des Verfahrens. Dabei werden die beiden Signalkomponenten $I(t)$ und $Q(t)$, wie im vorherigen Kapitel beschrieben, in die momentane Amplitude $A(t)$ und die Phase $\varphi(t)$ umgerechnet:
$A(t)=\sqrt{I^2(t)+Q^2(t)}$
$\varphi(t)=\operatorname{atan2}\left(Q(t),I(t)\right)$
Die Phaseninformation $\varphi(t)$ moduliert anschließend einen HF-Träger mit konstanter Amplitude. Das entstehende Signal enthält damit bereits die vollständige Phaseninformation, besitzt jedoch weiterhin eine konstante Hüllkurve. Deshalb muss es nicht mit einer linearen Endstufe verstärkt werden. Stattdessen kann eine besonders effiziente Schaltendstufe, beispielsweise ein Klasse-E-Verstärker, eingesetzt werden. Solche Endstufen erreichen in der Praxis häufig Wirkungsgrade von mehr als $\qtyrange{80}{90}{\percent}$.
Die Amplitudeninformation $A(t)$ wird über einen schnellen Hüllkurvenverstärker auf die Versorgungsspannung der Endstufe aufgeprägt. Dadurch verändert sich die Ausgangsamplitude entsprechend der gewünschten Hüllkurve. Am Ausgang entsteht wieder das vollständige amplituden- und phasenmodulierte Signal:
$s(t)=A(t)\cos\left(\omega_\mathrm{T}t+\varphi(t)\right)$
Damit das Signal möglichst unverzerrt bleibt, müssen der Amplituden- und der Phasenpfad zeitlich sehr genau aufeinander abgestimmt sein.
Durch den hohen Wirkungsgrad der Endstufe wird weniger elektrische Leistung in Wärme umgesetzt. Das spart Strom, verringert den Kühlbedarf und ermöglicht kleinere und leichtere Funkgeräte ohne große Metallkühlkörper. Polarmodulation eignet sich daher besonders für batteriebetriebene QRP-Funkgeräte, wird inzwischen aber auch in leistungsfähigeren kommerziellen Transceivern eingesetzt. Zu diesem Thema gibt es keine direkte Prüfungsfrage aber ist ein spannendes Verfahren was in Zukunft immer stärker in Amateurfunkgeräten eingesetzt werden wird.
<margin>
[picture:1117:polar_modulator:Polar Modulator]
</margin>
contents/slides/polarmodulation.md
+23
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
## Polarmodulation: Grundidee
- $I(t)$ und $Q(t)$ werden in Amplitude $A(t)$ und Phase $\varphi(t)$ umgerechnet.
- Die Phase moduliert einen HF-Träger mit konstanter Hüllkurve.
- Die Amplitude wird getrennt über die Versorgung der Endstufe aufgeprägt.
[picture:1117:polar_modulator:Blockschaltbild eines Polarmodulators]
---
## Warum ist das nützlich?
- Das HF-Signal im Phasenpfad hat konstante Amplitude.
- Dadurch ist keine lineare Endstufe nötig.
- Es können effiziente Schaltendstufen verwendet werden, z. B. Klasse E mit $\eta \approx \qtyrange{80}{90}{\percent}$.
---
## Vorteil im Funkgerät
- Weniger Verlustleistung bedeutet weniger Wärme und weniger Stromverbrauch.
- Kühlung und Kühlkörper können kleiner ausfallen das spart Gewicht.
- Besonders attraktiv für QRP-Geräte, aber zunehmend auch für kommerzielle Transceiver.
toc/A.json
+7
View File
@@ -907,6 +907,13 @@
"class": "A",
"video_url": null
},
{
"title": "Polarmodulation",
"ident": "polarmodulation",
"status": "alpha",
"class": "A",
"video_url": null
},
{
"title": "Latenz",
"ident": "latenz",
toc/EA.json
+7
View File
@@ -1455,6 +1455,13 @@
"class": "A",
"video_url": null
},
{
"title": "Polarmodulation",
"ident": "polarmodulation",
"status": "alpha",
"class": "A",
"video_url": null
},
{
"title": "Latenz",
"ident": "latenz",
toc/NEA.json
+7
View File
@@ -2096,6 +2096,13 @@
"class": "A",
"video_url": null
},
{
"title": "Polarmodulation",
"ident": "polarmodulation",
"status": "alpha",
"class": "A",
"video_url": null
},
{
"title": "Latenz",
"ident": "latenz",